Chapter 2: Cognitive Support Systems

// WIA-SENIOR-008 Cognitive Support System Architecture
class CognitiveSupportSystem {
  constructor(config) {
    this.userId = config.userId;
    this.dataCollector = new DataCollectionLayer(config.sensors);
    this.analyzer = new CognitiveAnalysisEngine(config.models);
    this.decisionMaker = new InterventionDecisionEngine(config.rules);
    this.interventionDelivery = new MultiModalInterface(config.channels);
    this.learningSystem = new AdaptiveLearningEngine(config.feedback);
  }

  // Continuous cognitive support loop
  async provideCognitiveSupport() {
    while (this.isActive) {
      // Step 1: Collect contextual data
      const context = await this.dataCollector.gatherContext({
        location: true,
        activity: true,
        timeOfDay: true,
        recentInteractions: true,
        physiologicalState: true
      });

      // Step 2: Analyze cognitive needs
      const cognitiveState = await this.analyzer.assessCognitiveState({
        context: context,
        historicalPatterns: this.getUserHistory(),
        currentTasks: this.getActiveTasks(),
        riskFactors: this.getRiskProfile()
      });

      // Step 3: Determine interventions
      const interventions = await this.decisionMaker.determineInterventions({
        cognitiveState: cognitiveState,
        userPreferences: this.getUserPreferences(),
        previousEffectiveness: this.getInterventionHistory(),
        urgency: cognitiveState.riskLevel
      });

      // Step 4: Deliver appropriate support
      for (const intervention of interventions) {
        const result = await this.interventionDelivery.deliver({
          type: intervention.type,
          content: intervention.content,
          modality: this.selectOptimalModality(context),
          timing: this.calculateOptimalTiming(context),
          escalation: intervention.escalationPath
        });

        // Step 5: Learn from outcomes
        await this.learningSystem.recordOutcome({
          intervention: intervention,
          result: result,
          context: context,
          userFeedback: result.userResponse
        });
      }

      // Wait before next cycle (adaptive timing)
      await this.sleep(this.calculateNextCheckInterval(cognitiveState));
    }
  }

  // Adaptive modality selection
  selectOptimalModality(context) {
    const modalityScores = {
      visual: this.scoreModalityFitness('visual', context),
      auditory: this.scoreModalityFitness('auditory', context),
      haptic: this.scoreModalityFitness('haptic', context),
      ambient: this.scoreModalityFitness('ambient', context)
    };

    // Select highest scoring modality, with fallback options
    return Object.entries(modalityScores)
      .sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1])
      .map(([modality]) => modality);
  }

  // Context-aware timing optimization
  calculateOptimalTiming(context) {
    const factors = {
      userAttention: context.attentionLevel,
      taskComplexity: context.currentTaskComplexity,
      historicalResponse: this.getHistoricalResponseRate(context.timeOfDay),
      urgency: context.interventionUrgency,
      interruptibility: context.interruptibilityScore
    };

    return this.timingOptimizer.calculate(factors);
  }
}

// Data Collection Layer Implementation
class DataCollectionLayer {
  constructor(sensorConfig) {
    this.sensors = {
      wearable: new WearableSensor(sensorConfig.wearable),
      smartphone: new SmartphoneSensor(sensorConfig.smartphone),
      smartHome: new SmartHomeSensor(sensorConfig.smartHome),
      calendar: new CalendarIntegration(sensorConfig.calendar)
    };
  }

  async gatherContext(requirements) {
    const contextData = {
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      location: requirements.location ?
        await this.sensors.smartphone.getLocation() : null,
      activity: requirements.activity ?
        await this.sensors.wearable.detectActivity() : null,
      heartRate: await this.sensors.wearable.getHeartRate(),
      sleepQuality: await this.sensors.wearable.getLastNightSleep(),
      appointmentsToday: await this.sensors.calendar.getTodayEvents(),
      homeEnvironment: await this.sensors.smartHome.getStatus(),
      recentPhoneUsage: await this.sensors.smartphone.getUsagePatterns()
    };

    return this.preprocessContext(contextData);
  }

  preprocessContext(raw) {
    // Privacy filtering, normalization, feature extraction
    return {
      ...raw,
      privacyLevel: this.determinePrivacyLevel(raw),
      normalizedActivity: this.normalizeActivityLevel(raw.activity),
      cognitiveLoadEstimate: this.estimateCognitiveLoad(raw),
      interruptibility: this.calculateInterruptibility(raw)
    };
  }
}

// Advanced Prospective Memory Aid System
class ProspectiveMemoryAid {
  constructor(userProfile) {
    this.profile = userProfile;
    this.reminderEngine = new AdaptiveReminderEngine();
    this.contextEngine = new ContextAwarenessEngine();
  }

  // Create context-aware reminder
  async createReminder(task) {
    const reminder = {
      id: this.generateId(),
      task: task,

      // Temporal triggers
      temporalTriggers: {
        primaryTime: task.scheduledTime,
        preparationTime: this.calculatePreparationTime(task),
        lastChanceTime: this.calculateLastChanceTime(task),
        adaptiveTimings: this.learnOptimalTimings(task.type)
      },

      // Spatial triggers
      spatialTriggers: task.location ? {
        arrivalRadius: 100, // meters
        departureRadius: 50,
        proximityWarning: 500
      } : null,

      // Contextual triggers
      contextualTriggers: {
        routineAnchors: this.identifyRoutineAnchors(task),
        environmentalCues: this.suggestEnvironmentalCues(task),
        socialTriggers: this.identifySocialTriggers(task)
      },

      // Escalation strategy
      escalation: {
        level1: { modality: 'visual', persistence: 'single' },
        level2: { modality: 'audio+visual', persistence: 'repeated' },
        level3: { modality: 'audio+visual+haptic', persistence: 'urgent' },
        level4: { modality: 'all+caregiver_alert', persistence: 'critical' }
      },

      // Success tracking
      tracking: {
        deliveryAttempts: [],
        userResponses: [],
        completionStatus: 'pending',
        effectiveness: null
      }
    };

    await this.reminderEngine.schedule(reminder);
    return reminder;
  }

  // Calculate optimal preparation time
  calculatePreparationTime(task) {
    const basePreparation = {
      'appointment': 60 * 60 * 1000, // 1 hour before
      'medication': 5 * 60 * 1000,   // 5 minutes before
      'meal': 15 * 60 * 1000,        // 15 minutes before
      'social': 30 * 60 * 1000       // 30 minutes before
    };

    const userFactor = this.profile.preparationPreference || 1.0;
    const mobilityFactor = this.profile.mobilityLevel || 1.0;

    return basePreparation[task.category] * userFactor * mobilityFactor;
  }

  // Identify routine anchors for better memory
  identifyRoutineAnchors(task) {
    const userRoutines = this.profile.dailyRoutines;
    const anchors = [];

    // Find routines that occur before the task
    for (const routine of userRoutines) {
      const timeDiff = task.scheduledTime - routine.typicalTime;
      if (timeDiff > 0 && timeDiff < 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000) { // Within 4 hours
        anchors.push({
          routineName: routine.name,
          relationship: `${routine.name} happens ${this.formatTimeDiff(timeDiff)} before`,
          strength: this.calculateAnchorStrength(routine, task)
        });
      }
    }

    return anchors.sort((a, b) => b.strength - a.strength);
  }

  // Deliver reminder with context awareness
  async deliverReminder(reminder) {
    const currentContext = await this.contextEngine.getCurrentContext();

    // Check if context is appropriate for delivery
    if (!this.isDeliveryAppropriate(currentContext, reminder)) {
      return this.scheduleRetry(reminder, currentContext);
    }

    // Select optimal modality based on context
    const modality = this.selectModality(currentContext, reminder.escalation.level1);

    // Customize message based on user preferences and context
    const message = this.customizeMessage(reminder, currentContext);

    // Deliver with chosen modality
    const delivery = await this.deliveryService.send({
      modality: modality,
      message: message,
      reminder: reminder,
      context: currentContext
    });

    // Record delivery attempt
    reminder.tracking.deliveryAttempts.push({
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      context: currentContext,
      modality: modality,
      acknowledged: delivery.acknowledged
    });

    // Handle non-acknowledgment
    if (!delivery.acknowledged) {
      await this.handleEscalation(reminder, currentContext);
    }

    return delivery;
  }
}

// Adaptive Learning Engine for Cognitive Support
class AdaptiveLearningEngine {
  constructor(config) {
    this.personalModel = new UserPersonalizationModel();
    this.effectivenessTracker = new InterventionEffectivenessTracker();
    this.patternRecognizer = new BehaviorPatternRecognizer();
    this.optimizer = new InterventionOptimizer();
  }

  // Learn from intervention outcomes
  async recordOutcome(interventionData) {
    const {intervention, result, context, userFeedback} = interventionData;

    // Extract features for learning
    const features = this.extractFeatures(context, intervention);

    // Calculate effectiveness score
    const effectiveness = this.calculateEffectiveness({
      acknowledged: result.acknowledged,
      timeToAcknowledge: result.timeToAcknowledge,
      taskCompleted: result.taskCompleted,
      userSatisfaction: userFeedback?.satisfaction,
      appropriateness: userFeedback?.appropriateness
    });

    // Update user model
    await this.personalModel.update({
      features: features,
      effectiveness: effectiveness,
      timestamp: Date.now()
    });

    // Identify new patterns
    const patterns = await this.patternRecognizer.analyze({
      historicalData: this.personalModel.getHistory(),
      newDataPoint: {features, effectiveness}
    });

    // Update intervention strategies
    if (patterns.length > 0) {
      await this.optimizer.updateStrategies(patterns);
    }

    return {effectiveness, patterns};
  }

  // Extract meaningful features from context
  extractFeatures(context, intervention) {
    return {
      // Temporal features
      hourOfDay: new Date(context.timestamp).getHours(),
      dayOfWeek: new Date(context.timestamp).getDay(),
      timeRelativeToWaking: context.timeSinceWaking,
      timeRelativeToMeal: context.timeFromLastMeal,

      // Activity features
      activityType: context.activity?.type,
      activityIntensity: context.activity?.intensity,
      location: context.location?.type,

      // Physiological features
      heartRate: context.heartRate,
      sleepQuality: context.sleepQuality,
      fatigueLevel: this.estimateFatigue(context),

      // Social features
      socialContext: context.socialPresence,
      conversationActive: context.inConversation,

      // Environmental features
      noiseLevel: context.ambientNoise,
      lighting: context.lightingLevel,

      // Intervention features
      modality: intervention.modality,
      messageType: intervention.messageType,
      urgency: intervention.urgency
    };
  }

  // Calculate intervention effectiveness
  calculateEffectiveness(outcome) {
    let score = 0;
    const weights = {
      acknowledged: 0.3,
      timeToAcknowledge: 0.2,
      taskCompleted: 0.3,
      userSatisfaction: 0.1,
      appropriateness: 0.1
    };

    // Acknowledged quickly and accurately
    if (outcome.acknowledged) {
      score += weights.acknowledged;

      if (outcome.timeToAcknowledge < 60000) { // Under 1 minute
        score += weights.timeToAcknowledge;
      } else if (outcome.timeToAcknowledge < 300000) { // Under 5 minutes
        score += weights.timeToAcknowledge * 0.5;
      }
    }

    // Task actually completed
    if (outcome.taskCompleted) {
      score += weights.taskCompleted;
    }

    // User feedback
    if (outcome.userSatisfaction !== undefined) {
      score += weights.userSatisfaction * (outcome.userSatisfaction / 5);
    }

    if (outcome.appropriateness !== undefined) {
      score += weights.appropriateness * (outcome.appropriateness / 5);
    }

    return score;
  }

  // Predict optimal intervention timing
  async predictOptimalTiming(task, currentContext) {
    const historicalData = await this.personalModel.getRelevantHistory({
      taskType: task.type,
      contextSimilarity: currentContext
    });

    // Use machine learning model to predict best timing
    const predictions = await this.timingPredictor.predict({
      task: task,
      context: currentContext,
      historicalEffectiveness: historicalData,
      userRoutines: await this.patternRecognizer.getRoutines()
    });

    return {
      optimalTime: predictions.bestTime,
      confidence: predictions.confidence,
      alternativeTimes: predictions.alternatives,
      reasoning: predictions.explanation
    };
  }
}

// Context-Aware Assistance Engine
class ContextAwarenessEngine {
  constructor() {
    this.contextSources = new Map();
    this.fusionEngine = new ContextFusionEngine();
    this.reasoningEngine = new ContextReasoningEngine();
  }

  // Register context sources
  registerSource(name, source) {
    this.contextSources.set(name, {
      source: source,
      reliability: source.getReliability(),
      latency: source.getTypicalLatency(),
      updateFrequency: source.getUpdateFrequency()
    });
  }

  // Gather comprehensive context
  async getCurrentContext() {
    const rawContexts = await Promise.all(
      Array.from(this.contextSources.entries()).map(async ([name, {source}]) => {
        try {
          const data = await source.getData();
          return {name, data, timestamp: Date.now()};
        } catch (error) {
          return {name, data: null, error: error.message};
        }
      })
    );

    // Fuse multiple context sources
    const fusedContext = await this.fusionEngine.fuse(rawContexts);

    // Apply reasoning to infer higher-level context
    const enrichedContext = await this.reasoningEngine.enrich(fusedContext);

    return enrichedContext;
  }

  // Determine if intervention is contextually appropriate
  isInterventionAppropriate(intervention, context) {
    const appropriatenessRules = {
      // Don't interrupt during important conversations
      conversation: (ctx, int) => {
        if (ctx.inConversation && !int.urgent) {
          return {appropriate: false, reason: 'User in conversation'};
        }
        return {appropriate: true};
      },

      // Respect cognitive load limits
      cognitiveLoad: (ctx, int) => {
        if (ctx.cognitiveLoad > 0.8 && !int.urgent) {
          return {appropriate: false, reason: 'User cognitively occupied'};
        }
        return {appropriate: true};
      },

      // Consider physiological state
      physiological: (ctx, int) => {
        if (ctx.stressLevel > 0.7 && !int.urgent) {
          return {appropriate: false, reason: 'User showing stress'};
        }
        if (ctx.fatigueLevel > 0.8 && !int.urgent) {
          return {appropriate: false, reason: 'User fatigued'};
        }
        return {appropriate: true};
      },

      // Environmental appropriateness
      environmental: (ctx, int) => {
        if (int.modality === 'audio' && ctx.noiseLevel > 0.7) {
          return {appropriate: false, reason: 'Environment too noisy for audio'};
        }
        if (int.modality === 'visual' && ctx.lighting < 0.3) {
          return {appropriate: false, reason: 'Insufficient lighting for visual'};
        }
        return {appropriate: true};
      },

      // Social appropriateness
      social: (ctx, int) => {
        if (ctx.inPublic && int.privacySensitive) {
          return {appropriate: false, reason: 'Privacy concern in public'};
        }
        return {appropriate: true};
      }
    };

    // Evaluate all rules
    const results = Object.entries(appropriatenessRules).map(([rule, fn]) => ({
      rule,
      result: fn(context, intervention)
    }));

    // Check if any rule blocks intervention
    const blocked = results.find(r => !r.result.appropriate);
    if (blocked) {
      return {
        appropriate: false,
        reason: blocked.result.reason,
        suggestedDelay: this.calculateAppropriateDelay(context, intervention)
      };
    }

    return {appropriate: true, confidence: this.calculateConfidence(results)};
  }

  // Calculate when context might become appropriate
  calculateAppropriateDelay(context, intervention) {
    const delays = {
      'User in conversation': 5 * 60 * 1000, // 5 minutes
      'User cognitively occupied': 10 * 60 * 1000, // 10 minutes
      'User showing stress': 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
      'User fatigued': 30 * 60 * 1000, // 30 minutes
      'Environment too noisy for audio': 2 * 60 * 1000, // 2 minutes
      'Insufficient lighting for visual': 1 * 60 * 1000, // 1 minute
      'Privacy concern in public': 20 * 60 * 1000 // 20 minutes
    };

    return delays[context.reason] || 5 * 60 * 1000;
  }
}

// Context Fusion Engine - combines multiple data sources
class ContextFusionEngine {
  async fuse(rawContexts) {
    const fused = {
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      sources: rawContexts.filter(c => c.data !== null)
    };

    // Spatial fusion
    fused.location = this.fuseLocation(rawContexts);

    // Activity fusion
    fused.activity = this.fuseActivity(rawContexts);

    // Physiological fusion
    fused.physiological = this.fusePhysiological(rawContexts);

    // Environmental fusion
    fused.environmental = this.fuseEnvironmental(rawContexts);

    return fused;
  }

  fuseLocation(contexts) {
    const locationSources = contexts.filter(c =>
      c.data?.location !== undefined
    );

    if (locationSources.length === 0) return null;

    // Use most reliable source, or fuse multiple GPS readings
    if (locationSources.length === 1) {
      return locationSources[0].data.location;
    }

    // Average multiple GPS readings for accuracy
    const coords = locationSources.map(s => s.data.location);
    return {
      latitude: coords.reduce((sum, c) => sum + c.latitude, 0) / coords.length,
      longitude: coords.reduce((sum, c) => sum + c.longitude, 0) / coords.length,
      accuracy: Math.min(...coords.map(c => c.accuracy)),
      confidence: 'fused'
    };
  }
}