# WIA-agricultural-iot PHASE 1 — DATA-FORMAT Specification **Standard:** WIA-agricultural-iot **Phase:** 1 — DATA-FORMAT **Version:** 1.0 **Status:** Stable This document defines the canonical data-format layer for WIA-agricultural-iot. The standard covers persistent record shapes for IoT-instrumented agriculture — field sensor networks (soil moisture, soil temperature, soil EC, canopy temperature, leaf wetness, microclimate, water-level, tank-level), variable-rate application controllers (spray, fertiliser, seed), greenhouse climate controllers, livestock RFID and behaviour monitors, irrigation controllers, and the agricultural management software (FMIS) that consumes the records. The format is consumed by farm operators, agronomy advisors, equipment OEMs (per ISOBUS task controllers), agricultural software vendors, and the regulators that oversee water-rights, pesticide application, and animal welfare. References (CITATION-POLICY ALLOW only): - ISO 8601 (date and time representation) - ISO 3166-1 (country codes) - ISO/IEC 11578 (UUID) - ISO 11783 series (Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — serial control and communications data network — known as ISOBUS) - ISO 11783-1 (general standard for mobile data communication) - ISO 11783-7 (implement messages application layer) - ISO 11783-10 (task controller and management information system data interchange) - ISO 11783-11 (mobile data element dictionary) - ISO 19156:2011 (Geographic information — Observations and measurements — O&M) - ISO 19115-1 (Geographic information — Metadata) - ISO 19111 (Geographic information — Referencing by coordinates) - ISO/IEC 27001:2022 (information security management) - IETF RFC 4122 (UUID URN) - IETF RFC 7252 (CoAP) - IETF RFC 7390 (Group Communication for CoAP) - IETF RFC 8949 (CBOR) - IETF RFC 8259 (JSON) - IETF RFC 9457 (Problem Details) - OASIS MQTT v5.0 - OASIS MQTT-SN (sensor-network MQTT for constrained agricultural devices) - OGC SensorThings API 1.1 (canonical IoT data model for sensor observations) - OGC SOS 2.0 (Sensor Observation Service legacy reference) - W3C SSN / SOSA (Semantic Sensor Network ontology / Sensor, Observation, Sample, Actuator) - AgGateway ADAPT (Agricultural Data Application Programming Toolkit; canonical interchange envelope for ISOBUS task data, OEM telemetry, FMIS-side ingest) - FAO AGROVOC multilingual thesaurus (cited as the canonical agricultural-vocabulary reference for crop / livestock / activity classification) - USDA Soil Taxonomy / Keys to Soil Taxonomy (cited as the reference soil-classification vocabulary; FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is the international alternative) - LoRa Alliance LoRaWAN 1.1 - 3GPP TS 36.300 / TS 38.300 (NB-IoT / Cat-M) --- ## §1 Scope This PHASE defines persistent shapes for the artefacts an agricultural-IoT operator manages. Implementations covered include: - Field-sensor networks (soil-moisture probes, weather stations, leaf-wetness sensors, tank-level sensors, flow meters on irrigation lines). - Variable-rate application controllers (sprayer controllers, fertiliser-spreader controllers, planter population-control modules, all communicating ISOBUS). - Greenhouse climate controllers (vent / heat / shade / CO2-injection / irrigation controllers). - Livestock monitoring (RFID ear-tag readers, rumen-bolus sensors, accelerometer-based behaviour monitors, in-line milk-quality analysers). - Irrigation controllers (centre-pivot, drip-irrigation zone controllers, gate-and-canal controllers). - Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) ingesting the above through AgGateway ADAPT. Direct chemistry of crop protection and food-safety traceability after farm-gate are addressed in adjacent WIA standards (WIA-crop-monitoring, WIA-food-traceability) and are out of scope here. ## §2 Operation Identifier ``` operationId : string (uuidv7) operationOperator : string (institutional identifier of the farm operator or co-operative) operationRegistered : string (ISO 8601 / RFC 3339) operatingDomain : array of enum ("row-crop-grain" | "row-crop-oilseed" | "specialty-crop-vegetable" | "specialty-crop-fruit" | "viticulture-vineyard" | "greenhouse-protected" | "vertical-farming-indoor" | "rangeland-livestock" | "intensive-livestock-dairy" | "intensive-livestock-poultry" | "intensive-livestock-swine" | "aquaculture-pond" | "aquaculture-marine-net-pen" | "user-defined") jurisdictionScope : array of string (ISO 3166-1 / 3166-2) operationStatus : enum ("draft" | "operating" | "fallow-suspended" | "archived") ``` ## §3 Field / Zone Geographic Reference Geographic features (fields, irrigation zones, livestock enclosures, sensor locations) follow ISO 19115-1 / 19111 referencing. ``` geoReference: refId : string (uuidv7) operationId : string (uuidv7) refKind : enum ("field-boundary" | "management-zone" | "irrigation-block" | "livestock-enclosure" | "sensor-point" | "structure-greenhouse") crsRef : string (EPSG code or per-jurisdiction CRS identifier) geometryEncoding : enum ("geojson-rfc7946" | "wkt" | "gml-3.2" | "isoxml-iso-11783-10") geometryArtefactRef: string (content-addressed URI of the geometry artefact) ``` ## §4 Device Record ``` device: deviceId : string (uuidv7) operationId : string (uuidv7) manufacturerRef : string (institutional identifier) modelNumber : string hardwareRevision : string firmwareRef : string (content-addressed firmware URI) deviceClass : enum ("soil-probe" | "weather-station" | "leaf-wetness-sensor" | "tank-level-sensor" | "flow-meter" | "isobus-controller-implement" | "isobus-task-controller-tractor" | "greenhouse-controller-climate" | "rfid-ear-tag-reader" | "livestock-behaviour-collar" | "irrigation-pivot-controller" | "drip-zone-valve") radioStack : array of enum ("lorawan-1.1" | "nb-iot-cat-m" | "5g-redcap" | "wi-fi-classic" | "wi-fi-halow" | "ieee-802-15-4-zigbee" | "wired-rs-485" | "wired-isobus-can" | "user-defined") ssnSosaProfileRef : string (URI of the W3C SSN / SOSA profile that describes the device's properties / actions / events) deviceStatus : enum ("manufactured" | "provisioned" | "deployed-active" | "fault" | "decommissioned") ``` ## §5 Observation Record (OGC SensorThings / O&M Aligned) Observations follow OGC SensorThings API 1.1 and the underlying ISO 19156:2011 Observations and Measurements data model. ``` observation: observationId : string (uuidv7) deviceRef : string (device UUID) observedAt : string (ISO 8601) observedProperty : enum ("soil-moisture-vwc" | "soil-temperature-celsius" | "soil-electrical-conductivity" | "soil-ph" | "canopy-temperature-celsius" | "air-temperature-celsius" | "relative-humidity-percent" | "leaf-wetness-binary" | "leaf-wetness-minutes" | "rainfall-mm" | "wind-speed-ms" | "wind-direction-deg" | "solar-radiation-wm2" | "tank-level-percent" | "tank-level-litres" | "irrigation-flow-lpm" | "user-defined") numericValue : number unitCode : string (UN/CEFACT recommendation 20 common code or operator-extension) geoRef : string (geo-reference UUID; absent when the device's permanent location is recorded against the device record) qualityFlag : enum ("nominal" | "estimated" | "uncertain" | "out-of-range" | "device-fault") ``` ## §6 ISOBUS Task and TaskData Record ISOBUS task controllers (per ISO 11783-10) exchange task data with FMIS through AgGateway ADAPT envelopes that wrap the ISOXML representation of the task. ``` isobusTask: taskId : string (uuidv7) operationId : string (uuidv7) taskKind : enum ("planting" | "fertiliser-application" | "spraying" | "harvesting" | "tillage" | "irrigation" | "soil-sampling") plannedStart : string (ISO 8601) plannedEnd : string (ISO 8601) actualStart : string (ISO 8601; absent until started) actualEnd : string (ISO 8601; absent until completed) prescriptionMapRef : string (content-addressed URI of the ISOXML PRESCRIPTION-MAP for variable-rate application; absent for non-VR tasks) asAppliedMapRef : string (content-addressed URI of the ISOXML AS-APPLIED map after completion) agroVocCropRef : string (FAO AGROVOC URI for the crop being managed) agroVocActivityRef : string (FAO AGROVOC URI for the activity classification) ``` ## §7 Livestock Animal Record ``` animal: animalId : string (uuidv7) operationId : string (uuidv7) rfidTag : string (ISO 11784 / 11785 RFID code) speciesRef : string (FAO AGROVOC URI for the species) breedClassification: string (national breed-registry identifier where applicable) sex : enum ("female" | "male" | "intersex" | "unknown") birthdate : string (ISO 8601 date; precision MAY be reduced when unknown) damRef : string (animal UUID of the dam; absent for foundation animals) sireRef : string (animal UUID of the sire; absent for foundation animals) registrationStatus : enum ("registered-pedigree" | "commercial-only" | "rescued-unknown-pedigree") ``` ## §8 Irrigation Plan and Application Record ``` irrigationPlan: planId : string (uuidv7) operationId : string (uuidv7) zoneRef : string (geo-reference UUID; the zone that the plan irrigates) plannedStart : string (ISO 8601) plannedDurationS : integer plannedRateMmPerHr : number (water depth applied per hour over the zone) appliedAt : string (ISO 8601; absent until applied) appliedDurationS : integer appliedDepthMm : number waterRightRef : string (URI of the water-rights allocation citation; the operator's water-rights administrator binds this to the operating jurisdiction's water-rights register) ``` ## §9 Soil Classification Record ``` soilClassification: classificationId : string (uuidv7) geoRef : string (geo-reference UUID; the soil-sample point) classifiedAt : string (ISO 8601) taxonomyScheme : enum ("usda-soil-taxonomy-13ed" | "fao-world-reference-base-2014" | "national-soil-classification") taxonomyClass : string (per-scheme taxonomic classification; e.g. "Mollisols / Hapludolls" for USDA, "Chernozems" for WRB) observerRef : string (operator-internal observer token) ``` ## §10 Pesticide Application Detail Record ``` pesticideApplication: applicationId : string (uuidv7) isobusTaskRef : string (ISOBUS task UUID this application implements) productRegistrationRef : string (URI of the regulator's product registration record) rateUnitCode : string (UN/CEFACT rec.20 — e.g. "L_per_HA" for litres per hectare, "KGM_per_HA" for kg per hectare) rateValue : number bufferZoneMetres : number (per-product buffer distance from sensitive receptors) reentryIntervalHours : number (per-product re-entry interval) applicatorTokenRef : string (operator-internal applicator certification token; clinical identity in operator HR) applicatorCertificationRef : string (URI of the regulator's applicator certification record) driftCardRefs : array of string (URIs of drift card placement and assessment records) ``` ## §11 Animal Health Event Record ``` animalHealthEvent: eventId : string (uuidv7) animalRef : string (animal UUID) observedAt : string (ISO 8601) eventKind : enum ("vaccination" | "treatment-administered" | "veterinary-examination" | "diagnostic-test" | "calving-or-parturition" | "weaning" | "movement-on-farm" | "transport-off-farm" | "death-on-farm" | "slaughter") productRef : string (URI of the registered veterinary product where applicable) withdrawalPeriodDays : number (per-product withdrawal period before slaughter or milk use) veterinarianRef : string (operator-internal vet token) ``` ## §12 Conformance Implementations claiming PHASE-1 conformance emit each of the records defined above for every operating field and honour the AgGateway ADAPT envelope per §6. --- **Document Information:** - **Version:** 1.0 - **Phase:** 1 — DATA-FORMAT - **Status:** Stable - **Standard:** WIA-agricultural-iot - **Last Updated:** 2026-04-28