Chapter 6: Fairness & Regulatory Compliance

📊 WIA-FIN-020

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Regulatory Framework

Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)

Fair Lending Laws

Bias Detection & Mitigation

Sources of Bias

Fairness Metrics

Demographic Parity: P(Decision=Approve | Group A) ≈ P(Decision=Approve | Group B)

Equal Opportunity: P(Approve | Repay, Group A) = P(Approve | Repay, Group B)

Calibration: P(Default | Score=X, Group A) = P(Default | Score=X, Group B)

Disparate Impact Ratio: Approval Rate(Protected) / Approval Rate(Reference) ≥ 0.80

Mitigation Strategies

Explainability Requirements

Adverse Action Notices

When denying credit, lenders must provide specific reasons:

SHAP-Based Explanations

Shapley Additive Explanations provide mathematically rigorous feature attribution:

Model Risk Management (SR 11-7)

OCC Guidance Requirements

Model Documentation

Privacy and Data Protection

GDPR (EU) Requirements

CCPA (California) Requirements

Best Practices

Compliance Checklist

  • ☑ Model documentation complete and approved
  • ☑ Fairness testing passed (disparate impact > 0.80)
  • ☑ Adverse action notice generation functional
  • ☑ Consumer data access portal implemented
  • ☑ Audit trails for all decisions
  • ☑ Regular monitoring dashboards active
  • ☑ Incident response plan documented
  • ☑ Staff training on fair lending completed
  • ☑ Privacy policy updated and published
  • ☑ Regulatory filings up to date

Next chapter presents real-world case studies demonstrating successful credit scoring implementations.

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