3.1 Four-Phase Architecture
WIA-UNI-008 follows a progressive implementation model with four distinct phases:
Phase 1: Data Format
Foundation layer establishing common data schemas using JSON-LD for semantic interoperability. Covers routes, schedules, bookings, cargo tracking, and vehicle registration.
Phase 2: API Interface
RESTful APIs and SDKs enabling programmatic access to transportation systems. Includes booking systems, real-time tracking, logistics management, and webhook notifications.
Phase 3: Protocol
Communication protocols and technical standards for system integration. Covers railway signaling (ERTMS/ETCS), traffic control (ITS), aviation (ICAO), maritime (AIS), and IoT sensor networks.
Phase 4: Integration
Ecosystem integration connecting to international networks including Trans-Siberian Railway, regional cooperation frameworks, customs systems, and WIA ecosystem standards.
3.2 Design Principles
- Interoperability: Seamless operation across different systems and jurisdictions
- Scalability: Support for growth from initial cross-border routes to full continental connectivity
- Security: TLS 1.3 encryption, authentication, and data protection
- Openness: Open standard accessible to all implementers
- Compatibility: Alignment with international standards (ISO, UIC, ICAO, IMO)
3.3 Technology Stack
- Data Format: JSON-LD for linked data and semantic web compatibility
- APIs: RESTful design with OAuth 2.0 authentication
- Real-time: WebSocket for live tracking updates
- Geospatial: WGS84 coordinate system
- Protocols: MQTT, CoAP for IoT; ERTMS for railway; AIS for maritime