6.1 Railway Signaling - ERTMS/ETCS
European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) with European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2 provides standardized signaling for inter-Korean railways:
Key Components
- Radio Block Centre (RBC): Central control system managing train movements
- GSM-R: Dedicated railway communication network (876-880 MHz uplink, 921-925 MHz downlink)
- Eurobalise: Track-mounted transponders for position reporting
- Movement Authority: Permission to proceed with speed and distance limits
6.2 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Highway traffic management using DATEX II protocol:
- Variable Message Signs: Real-time traffic information display
- Traffic Control: Incident management and route optimization
- Electronic Toll Collection: DSRC-based automated toll payment
6.3 Aviation Protocols
ICAO-compliant standards for airspace coordination:
- ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast for position reporting
- AIDC: ATS Interfacility Data Communication for handoff coordination
- Flight Planning: Standardized formats for Seoul-Pyongyang and international routes
6.4 Maritime Communications
- AIS: Automatic Identification System for vessel tracking
- VTS: Vessel Traffic Service for port coordination
- VHF Radio: Ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship communications
6.5 IoT Sensor Networks
MQTT and CoAP protocols for real-time telemetry:
- Vehicle location, speed, and health monitoring
- Cargo temperature, humidity, and shock detection
- Infrastructure condition monitoring (track, bridges, tunnels)